“Empirical Literalism”: Mathematical Versus Experimental Physics in France, 1790–1830
Identifieur interne : 000231 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000230; suivant : 000232“Empirical Literalism”: Mathematical Versus Experimental Physics in France, 1790–1830
Auteurs : Elizabeth Garber [États-Unis]Source :
Abstract
Abstract: Well before 1790 Paris had become the social and intellectual center for scientific life in Europe. It remained at the center until after 1830. Because this era in the scientific life of France has been seen as the source of modern physics, we need to examine the workings of Parisian scientific institutions and the practices of mathematicians and experimental physicists. What, precisely, did this band of intensely competitive men change in their mathematical and physical heritage from the eighteenth century? After examining the social and political structures of scientific Paris and their workings, we will turn to a series of problems and prize-essay questions of the era. In France the solutions to these problems were the occasions for fierce contests over the practices and future of both physics and mathematics. The solutions also disclose what was accomplished in this era in terms of changing the relationships between mathematics and experimental physics. The mathematization of electrostatics by Poisson, and Fourier’s work on the conduction of heat through solids, will help us distinguish the technical mathematician of the early nineteenth century from the theoretical physicist of a later era. Similarly, the development of the wave theory of light and subsequent work in France on elasticity will separate mathematicians from experimentalists and reveal the changes in physics by 1830.
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DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-1766-4_4
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